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• Road Tunnels: Vehicle Emissions and Air Demand for Ventilation - Technical report

  

  The design of a road tunnel ventilation system must consider fresh-air demand for maintaining in-tunnel air quality during normal and congested traffic operations and the control of smoke and hot gases in case of fire. The ventilation capacity to manage a fire incident frequently drives the ventilation [...]

  • Date : 2019
  • Pages : 61
  • PIARC Ref. : 2019R02EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-500-3
• Land use and safety: an introduction to understanding how land use decisions impact safety of the transportation system

  

  Unplanned communities create hazards for road users of all types generating unsafe conditions for motorists on the roadway and significant dangers for pedestrians, bicyclists and residents alongside or adjacent to the road. While the World Road Association continues to investigate options and recommendations [...]

  • Date : 2017
  • Pages : 44
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R32EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-440-2
• Road tunnel operations: First steps towards a sustainable approach

  

  In terms of sustainable development, the current situation in the field of infrastructure varies greatly from one country to another. Certain countries have laid down regulations; a few have set objectives to be achieved, while others have no regulations at all. So far, the World Road Association has [...]

  • Date : 2017
  • Pages : 69
  • PIARC Ref. : 2017R02EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-470-9
• Vulnerable road users: Diagnosis of design and operational safety problems and potential countermeasures

  

  Following the World Health Organisation, nearly half of those dying on the world's roads are vulnerable road users (VRU). This proportion is much greater in low- and middle-income countries, because of the greater variety and intensity of traffic mix and the lack of separation from other road users, [...]

  • Date : 2017
  • Pages : 26
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R34EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-442-6
• Design fire characteristics for road tunnels

  

  Fire safety in tunnels depends on an amalgam of systems and procedures designed to achieve the best outcome in the event of an incident. The "Design Fire", defined in terms of its magnitude, growth rate and duration, provides a basis for sizing the required systems and anticipating the operational measures [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 66
  • PIARC Ref. : 2017R01EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-471-6
• Experience with Significant Incidents in Road Tunnels

  

  Approximately ten to fifteen years ago many countries introduced tunnel safety management systems and started paying attention to tunnel safety in a more structured way. PIARC report 2007R07 recommended an integrated approach to tunnel safety. As a result of this, many countries have gained experience [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 67
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R35EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-444-0
• The Role of Road Engineering in Combatting Driver Distraction and Fatigue Road Safety Risks

  

  Driver distraction and fatigue are a problem because, as remarkable as our abilities are, we humans are fallible and our abilities have limitations. Driver distraction and fatigue incorporates elements of both limitations and fallibility. On top of our limitations and fallibilities, driving a vehicle [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 73
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R24EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-419-8
• Road tunnels: complex underground road networks

  

  Underground complex road networks are under development in the world due to the growing concentration of the population in large urban areas. The high occupation on the surface, the extension of the perimeter of the metropolises, the growing demand in travel and mobility, lead naturally and inevitably [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 80
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R19EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-404-4
• Human factors guidelines for a safer man-road interface

  

  In the case of road safety, the Human Factors concept considers road characteristics that influence a driver's right or wrong driving actions. It understands the causes of road users' operational mistakes as the first step in a chain of actions which may proceed to an accident. Many often observed operational [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 78
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R20EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-408-2
• Lay bys and protection against lateral obstacles - Current practices in Europe

  

  Accidents which have occurred in tunnels have brought to light the danger that the perpendicular end-wall of lay-bys can present to road users in tunnels. Various European representatives of the PIARC Road Tunnel Operations Committee engaged in discussions on the topic of lay-bys and lateral obstacles [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 38
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R16EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-400-6
• Fixed fire fighting systems in road tunnels: Current practices and recommendations

  

  Fixed Fire Fighting Systems (FFFS) have been routinely used in road tunnels in countries such as Japan and Australia for decades, and there is increased interest in the use of FFFS in parts of Europe, North America and Asia. Large fire events in road tunnels continue to show the consequences of such [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 80
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R03EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-375-7
• Improving safety in road tunnels through real-time communication with users

  

  This report is a continuation of the one published by PIARC in 2008 on "Human Factors and road tunnel safety regarding users". It addresses two specific points raised in the conclusion of the 2008 report: "It is most important that motorists understand how to behave in tunnels, in critical situation" [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 60
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R06EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-384-9
• Best practice for life cycle analysis for tunnel equipment

  

  Life Cycle or Life Cycle Cost (LCC) aspects are becoming more important. From an economic point of view, it is important to consider these aspects both in the design and in the operation of tunnel equipment. This best practice report is a natural follow-up to the former report on life cycle aspects [...]

  • Date : 2016
  • Pages : 21
  • PIARC Ref. : 2016R01EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-370-2
• Human factors in road design. Review of design standards in nine countries

  

  This report reviews how human factors are explicitly or implicitly considered in the current road design standards of the following countries : Australia, Canada, China, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Japan, the Netherlands and Portugal. The report focuses on design features as they relate to the [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 212
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R36EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-306-1
• Road accident investigation guidelines for road engineers

  

  In order to improve road safety, availability of accident data and an understanding of the circumstances that lead to crashes are of vital importance. The purpose of Road Accident Investigation (RAI) is to help road engineers detect road infrastructure deficiencies that influence an accident, in order [...]

  • Date : 2013
  • Pages : 51
  • PIARC Ref. : 2013R07EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-321-4
• Risk evaluation, current practice for risk evaluation for road tunnels

  

  This report is intended to provide discussion on the various established strategies for the evaluation of the results of a risk analysis for the risk assessment of road tunnels. After a presentation of background information on risk evaluation, the principles of the different approaches, both qualitative [...]

  • Date : 2013
  • Pages : 91
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R23EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-290-3
• Comparison of national road safety policies and plans

  

  This Report examines the road safety performance of several nations, reviews reported policies and strategies in jurisdictions and attempts to establish linkages between adopted and implemented road safety policies, overarching multi - year strategies and performance outcomes. The findings are built [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 304
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R31EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-264-4
• Road safety inspection guidelines for safety checks of existing roads

  

  A Road Safety Inspection (RSI) is a systematic, on site review, conducted by road safety expert(s), of an existing road or section of road to identify hazardous conditions, faults and deficiencies that may lead to serious accidents. After defining what is a road safety inspection, the report details [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 83
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R27EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-259-8
• Best practices for road safety campaigns

  

  The report presents key findings of a literature review of best practices for road safety campaigns, and relate these to actual road safety campaign practices by road administrations and authorities of fourteen countries who responded to a survey questionnaire. The report covers the following key [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 50
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R28EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-260-1
• Improvements in safe working on roads

  

  The focus of this guide is on safety of both workers and road users in construction zones. For the safe, efficient and effective management of work zones, it is proposed that a 4 C's principle be adopted. Work zones should be designed, operated and maintained such that the works are conspicuous, clear, [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 99
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R29EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-263-6
• State of the practice for cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis and resource allocation

  

  This report examines the economic analysis techniques applicable to investments to improve road safety, in order to optimize the allocation of available resources. It presents the basics of project evaluation before detailing the methods of cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. The report [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 102
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R24EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-291-1
• Best practice for road tunnel emergency exercises

  

  Emergency exercises are an integral part of the planning process of road tunnel safety. Drawing on international experience in this area, this report is in the form of a detailed guide for defining objectives, prepare, implement and evaluate an exercise in the most efficient and productive as possible. [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 50
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R25EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-292-X
• Assessing and improving safety in existing road tunnels

  

  This report provides guidelines for a step-by-step process for the development of a safety upgrade programme for existing road tunnels, ensuring that the required safety levels are achieved. The report represents the work of PIARC Technical Committee C.4, Working group 2. A five step methodology is [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 63
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R20EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-284-9
• Recommendations on management of maintenance and technical inspection of road tunnels

  

  This report aims at presenting best practice for technical inspections as well as for the maintenance of equipment in road tunnels ranging from electromechanical systems to communication systems and operational devices. The scope, goal and types of maintenance are defined in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 45
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R12EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-279-2
• Life cycle aspects of electrical road tunnel equipment

  

  Electrical equipment costs have risen dramatically in the past years: more and more complex systems are being used in tunnels. Knowing life cycles of equipment helps to reduce maintenance costs and to improve safety. This report presents the results of an international survey (twenty-seven answers [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 37
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R14EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-272-5