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• Road tunnels: vehicle emissions and air demand for ventilation

  

  This report presents the data necessary for the design of the ventilation system for road tunnels in normal operation. It aims at defining the minimum quantity of fresh-air that is required to ensure adequate in-tunnel air quality and visibility thresholds. This report is a reference document for the [...]

  • Date : 2012
  • Pages : 87
  • PIARC Ref. : 2012R05EN
  • ISBN : 978-2-84060-269-5
• Recommendations regarding road tunnel drivers' training and information

  

  A follow-up on the report « Human Factors and safety from the view point of users » that was published in 2008 by the World Road Association, this new work by Technical Committee C4 - Road Tunnel Operations - aims at giving key information and instructions to drivers in order to enable them to adopt [...]

  • Date : 2011
  • Pages : 193
  • PIARC Ref. : 2011R04EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-235-0
• Road tunnels: operational strategies for emergency ventilation

  

  During normal operation, ventilation, whether natural or mechanical, is required to provide a clean air environment and to prevent the accumulation of pollutants. During emergency operation, ventilation is needed to influence the flow of smoke. Smoke control plays a key role to increase the chances [...]

  • Date : 2011
  • Pages : 99
  • PIARC Ref. : 2011R02EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-234-2
• Tools for road tunnel safety management

  

  This report is dedicated to the basic tools needed for management and decision support on road tunnel safety issues. It defines the general demands on tunnel safety documentation, referring to each of the three different stages of a tunnel project: design-construction, commissioning, operation. An [...]

  • Date : 2009
  • Pages : 125
  • PIARC Ref. : 2009R08EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-228-8
• Human factors and road tunnel safety regarding users

  

  This report aims to improve the understanding of user behaviour in road tunnels in both normal and critical situations and to provide recommendations for tunnel design and operation. After an introduction of the human decision process, the report presents observations of the behaviour of tunnel users [...]

  • Date : 2008
  • Pages : 193
  • PIARC Ref. : 2008R17EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-218-0
• Urban road tunnels - Recommendations to managers and operating bodies for design, management, operation and maintenance

  

  Urban road tunnels are unique in terms of traffic characteristics (high volume, congestion during commuter periods, wide variety of vehicles, high percentage of buses, etc.), infrastructural design, difficulty of closing and urban environment. Recommendations are presented to managers and operating [...]

  • Date : 2008
  • Pages : 110
  • PIARC Ref. : 2008R15EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-216-4
• Road tunnels: an assessment of fixed fire fighting systems

  

  The report reviews: the previous studies on this topic carried out by PIARC and the recent developments since the release of the PIARC report on this subject in 1999; the lessons drawn from the past fires and holistic approach to fixed fire fighting systems (FFFS); consideration of FFFS in the [...]

  • Date : 2008
  • Pages : 79
  • PIARC Ref. : 2008R07EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-208-3
• Road tunnels: a guide to optimising the air quality impact upon the environment

  

  Air quality has become a topic of concern in the planning, design and operation process of road tunnels. This is a state-of-the-art report on the knowledge and regulations in the field of road traffic impact on air quality. It also provides a detailed description of air quality optimization at tunnel [...]

  • Date : 2008
  • Pages : 179
  • PIARC Ref. : 2008R04EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-204-0
• Management of the operator - Emergency teams interface in road tunnels

  

  The purpose of this report is to assist the owners, operators of tunnels and emergency services to coordinate their operations in order to improve the level of safety for users, staff members and emergency teams during serious tunnel fires and tunnel incidents. The first part presents the most relevant [...]

  • Date : 2008
  • Pages : 75
  • PIARC Ref. : 2008R03EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-201-6
• Risk analysis for road tunnels

  

  Risk analysis is an important tool which can be used to help improve and optimise the safety of road tunnels. Risk analysis is now explicitly required by the European Directive 2004/54/EC, on minimum safety requirements for road tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network. The report summarises the [...]

  • Date : 2008
  • Pages : 245
  • PIARC Ref. : 2008R02EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-202-4
• CD-ROUTE

  Minimum Equipment Required CD-ROUTE can be used on PC (386 at least, Windows 3.1, 95 & NT) and Macintosh® (68020 at least), Power Mac®, Mac OS version 7. Minimum equipment required: 16 Mo RAM, a hard disk and a 14'' colour screen (256 colours or more). The program is very easy to install. [...]

  • Date : 2000
  • PIARC Ref. : CD-ROUTEEN
• Integrated approach to road tunnel safety

  

  This report proposes an integrated approach to road tunnel safety, which has been developed in co-operation with the European research projects SafeT and UPTUN. General principles and current perspectives on road tunnel safety are summarised, including practical tunnel project experience. An international [...]

  • Date : 2007
  • Pages : 170
  • PIARC Ref. : 2007R07EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-195-8
• Guide for organizing, recruiting and training road tunnel operating staff

  

  This report has been produced by Working Group 1 (WG 1) "Tunnel Operation", for PIARC Technical Committee C3.3. Road Tunnel Operation. This report was developed through contributions from individual members of WG 1. The given recommendations have been reviewed by WG 1 and are commended to the reader [...]

  • Date : 2007
  • Pages : 123
  • PIARC Ref. : 2007R04EN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-193-1
• Systems and equipment for fire and smoke control in road tunnels

  This report complements the PIARC report published in 1999 "Fire and Smoke Control in Road Tunnels". After a presentation of the basic principles of smoke and heat progress at the beginning of a fire, the report presents the safety concepts for tunnel fires. It draws the lessons from the fires which [...]

  • Date : 2007
  • Pages : 344
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.16.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-189-3
• Classification of Tunnels, Existing Guidelines and Experiences, Recommendations

  There is growing interest in the use of classification systems for establishing consistent, safe and economic standards for equipping, operating, maintaining and refurbishing road tunnels. As part of its programme of work for the PIARC Committee on Road Tunnels, the Working Group "Operation, Maintenance [...]

  • Date : 1995
  • Pages : 44
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.03.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-035-8
• Cross Section Design of Bidirectional Road Tunnels

  

  Work on this report started in September 2001 as a continuation of the work carried out between the years 1998 and 2001, which concluded with the report entitled CROSS SECTION GEOMETRY IN UNIDIRECTIONAL ROAD TUNNELS, published by PIARC in March 2001. This report shares the terminology and general approach [...]

  • Date : 2004
  • Pages : 72
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.12.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-164-8
• Cross Section Geometry in Uni-directionnal Tunnels

  Work on this report started in 1998 after studying literature on accidents in tunnels and national design guides. The goal 4 is to develop the principles for a safe and cost effective tunnel cross section taking into consideration signalling and traffic management requirements. This report mainly describes [...]

  • Date : 2002
  • Pages : 96
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.11.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-138-9
• Fire and Smoke Control in Road Tunnels

  

  Among the possible risks, vehicle fires give rise to particular concern because they are not very rare events and their consequences might be far larger underground than in the open if no appropriate measures were taken. Also the important and continuous decrease in vehicle pollutant emissions has led [...]

  • Date : 1999
  • Pages : 290
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.05.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-064-1
• Good Practice for the Operation and Maintenance of Road Tunnels

  This report complements the report entitled "Reduction of operational cost of road tunnels" which was presented and published at the Kuala Lumpur Congress in 1999. Various aspects of the management and operation of tunnels are considered. A method for providing continuity of management of safety, throughout [...]

  • Date : 2004
  • Pages : 184
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.13.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-175-3
• Pollution by Nitrogen Dioxide in Road Tunnels

  

  This report has been prepared by the PIARC Committee on Road Tunnel Operation (C5) working group n° 2 devoted to Pollution, Ventilation and Environment. Awareness of the problem raised by nitrogen oxides in urban environment which came up following pollution phenomena (e.g. in London in 1952) has [...]

  • Date : 2000
  • Pages : 48
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.09.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-127-3
• Road Safety in Tunnels

  

  Since 1992 the PIARC Technical Committee on Road Tunnel Operation (C5) (Working Group on Traffic and Geometry) has started a world-wide survey in order to update the data on road safety. In addition to the global information on road safety, the various members of the Group have been requested to [...]

  • Date : 1996
  • Pages : 64
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.04.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-036-6
• Road Tunnels: Emissions, Environment, Ventilation

  Due to a steady tightening of emission laws for cars and changes in the risk assessment of a tunnel fire, some design data need constant updating. The Report of the PIARC Committee on Road Tunnels to the XXth World Road Congress, 1995 (20.05.B) reviews the art of tunnel ventilation over the last 15 [...]

  • Date : 1996
  • Pages : 64
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.02.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-034-X
• Road Tunnels: reduction of Operating Costs

  

  The purpose of the report is to identify the main operational cost factors for road tunnels and to show, with examples and recommendations, how such costs could be reduced without conflicting with an acceptable standard of operational safety. The topic "Operational Costs of Tunnels" was an agenda [...]

  • Date : 1999
  • Pages : 156
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.06.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-111-7
• Road Tunnels: Vehicle Emissions and Air Demand for Ventilation

  

  In 1990 and 1995 PIARC published the calculation methodology and the emission factors for road tunnel ventilation design. An update of the existing PIARC methodology was necessary, as the emission standards of the vehicles were becoming more stringent and hence the vehicles cleaner. The old version [...]

  • Date : 2004
  • Pages : 72
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.14.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-177-X
• The First Road Tunnel - A Planner Guide for Countries Without Previous Experience of New Road Tunnels

  This Report has been commissioned specifically to assist those concerned with aspects of transport policy and planning which may involve the inclusion of road tunnels. The initiative represents in part a response to a request from the World Bank. While most readers may well belong to countries with [...]

  • Date : 1995
  • Pages : 72
  • PIARC Ref. : 05.01.BEN
  • ISBN : 2-84060-033-1